Diamond is the allotrope of carbon where the carbon atoms are arranged in an isometric-hexoctahedral crystal lattice. Diamonds are specifically renowned as a material with superlative physical qualities. Diamonds make excellent abrasives because they can be scratched only by other diamonds. Diamonds have been treasured as gemstones since their use as religious icons in ancient India and usage in engraving tools also dates to early human history. The mining and distribution of natural diamonds are subjects of frequent controversy such as with concerns over the sale of conflict diamonds.
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A diamond is a transparent crystal of tetrahedrally bonded carbon atoms and crystallizes into the face centered cubic diamond lattice structure. Diamonds have been adapted for many uses because of the material's exceptional physical characteristics. Diamond is the hardest natural material known to humankind; hardness is defined as resistance to scratching. Diamond has a hardness of 10 (hardest) on Mohs scale of mineral hardness. Diamond's hardness has been known since antiquity, and is the source of its name.
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